Author:
V. P. Shpaltakov,
Doctor of Economics, Professor, Professor of the Department of Economics,
Institute of Management and Economics
Omsk State Transport University,
35 K. Marx Ave., Omsk, 644046, Russian Federation
ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9631-5132
e-mail: olga.karavaeva.42@mail.ru
Abstract:
Introduction. The article deals with the problem of identifying the most important ideas in social and economic views of Ch.L. Montesquieu to understand the complex issues of development of the modern state and the economy in Russia.
Methods and methodology. The system-structural method of research is applied.
Results. His views on laws, their essence, types and role in the development of society are analyzed. Civil society is defined as a society where both the people and the government must obey the law. Low ef-ficiency of creation and force of laws in Russia is shown. Montesquieu’s judgments on the types of states, the principles of their governance, their achievements and shortcomings, the causes of decomposition are considered. In the similar vein, the nature and characteristics of the Russian state is shown. Montesquieu’s view on the problem of equality and inequality in different types of state, the presence or absence of free-dom for people’s life and the consequences for society is shown. The issue of inequality in our country, re-striction of freedom for business and public activity is acute. Montesquieu’s view of the various factors im-pact on the economy is considered: the nature of taxation, trade, the use of money, the formation of prices in the market, credit and interest; the principles of the organization of trade, industry and agriculture are revealed. Attention is drawn to the shortcomings of these processes management in the Russian economy.
Conclusion. The article draws conclusions about the importance of Montesquieu’s main ideas for science and for Russia.
Keywords:
Laws, types of state, power, separation of powers, management, freedom, judicial case, trade, craft, taxes, money, prices, credit, population.
